Background: Anemia is an important health problem worldwide and particularly in children. It affects their growth and social performance and may lead to morbidity and mortality. The main objective of the study was to determine the morphological types of anemia and to assess their etiological factors by necessary investigations. Material and Methods: Duration of study period was two years from July 2013 to June 2015. The first 100 cases in this period were taken for study. Children within age group from 6 months to 13 years attending NRIGH pediatric and oncology department who were clinically diagnosed as anemic were selected for study. A detailed history was recorded and necessary investigations were done. Results: The maximum number ofpatients were in the age group of 1 year to 5 years (50%). There was a male preponderance (56%) as compared to females (44%). Moderate degree of anemia was found in maximum number of cases and in preschool children, while severe and mild degrees of anemia were seen in school going children. Microcytic hypochromic anemia (61%) was the most common morphological type of anemia and macrocytic anemia (4%) was least common. Iron deficiency anemia (56%) was the common etiological type among nutritional anemias and in hemolytic anemias, β thalassemia major (63.6%) was common. Conclusion: Study of patterns of anemia is essential to direct the investigation since it reflects the underlying etiopathological factors. This aids in better management and treatment of the anemia which goes a long way in improving quality of life.