Introduction:Cholelithiasis is the most common disease affecting gallbladder. Gallstones cause several histological changes in gallbladder mucosa like acute and chronic inflammation, metaplasia, hyperplasia, calcification and dysplasia. Present study evaluates the incidence of various histopathological lesions observed in routine cholecystectomy specimen. Material and methods:This was a hospital based prospective study conducted over a period of 1 year. Detailed gross examination was done in total 325 routine cholecystectomy specimens and microscopic examination was done on slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. 

Results: Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21-40 years (49.85%). Number of female patients was 253 (77.85%) and that of male patients was 72 (22.15%). On gross examination, gallstones were found in 239 cases (73.54%). Maximum number of cases 216 (66.46%) and 166 (51.07%) showed normal wall thickness and normal mucosa respectively. Most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic non-specific cholecystitis in 270 (83.07%) cases followed by 8 (2.46%) cases each of follicular cholecystitis, cholesterolosis and adenomyomatosis. Epithelial changes like metaplasia seen in 28 (8.61%)cases, hyperplasia in 17 (5.23%)cases, reactive atypia in 6 (1.85%) cases and dysplasia in 3 (0.92%). Conclusion: Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis and it was found to be associated with various changes in gallbladder mucosa like gastric and intestinal metaplasia, hyperplasia and dysplasia. Variants of cholecystitis like xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, follicular cholecystitis and eosinophilic cholecystitis were also reported. The present study highlights the value of submitting all routine cholecystectomies for thorough histopathological examination. 

Keywords: Chronic Cholecystitis; Gallstones; Acute Emphysematous Cholecystitis; Porcelain Gall Bladder; Dysplasia.