Background And Objectives: Anaemia in children is one of the major health problems in India as well as in many parts of the world. Iron deficiency is well known to cause thrombocytosis. However, Iron deficiency may also lead to thrombocytopenia. The present study was undertaken with an aim to analyse, the improvement in the platelet counts of children between 1 to 12 years of age suffering from microcytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia after receiving appropriate iron therapy. Methodolocy: The study was conducted on 561 anemic children in the age group of 1 to 12 years, out of which only 67 children had microcytic hypochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia. The children with Hb% lesser than the cutoff value for their age were included in the study. Detailed clinical history was elicited and thorough clinical examination was performed. Peripheral smears of these patients were examined. Bone marrow examination was done. The complete haemogram including reticulocyte count was done. Results: Childrens with microcytic hypochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia(60 cases) improved with iron therapy whereas in 7 cases causes of thrombocytopenia was different. Interpretation and Conclusion: Pediatric anaemias are very common since children are the most vulnerable for occurrence of these anaemias and thrombocytopenia can be encountered in many cases of microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Therefore it is also necessory to rule out this association before considering other causes of thrombocytopenia in cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Keywords: Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia; Thrombocytopenia; Bone Marrow Study; Iron Deficiency Anaemia; Paediatric Anaemia.