The article delves into the Agroecology concepts aimed at providing alternatives for lowinput dryland farming with a history of low groundnut yield in the semiarid regions of Andhra  Pradesh. It examines evidence-based agroecology concepts for rainfed groundnut farming, particularly focusing on the high instability of the yield index in Anantapur district. This is  achieved through a detailed analysis of rainfall patterns and soil characteristics to determine  the suitability of the region for groundnut cultivation. The study spans a period of 45 years  (1966 to 2010) and reveals that the rainfall distribution is highly irregular, with pronounced
seasonality and extended dry periods, as indicated by a seasonality index ranging from 0.8 to   0.99. By conducting a thorough analysis of rainfall data, three distinct clusters and two principal   components were identified, highlighting the variability in both inter and intra seasonal rains.  Furthermore, the evaluation of the soil map, which consists of 36 soil mapping units, indicates
that only 29.7% of the total area is moderately suitable for groundnut cultivation, while 43% is  considered marginally suitable. The unsuitability of the remaining area is attributed to factors such as moisture stress, prolonged dry spells, shallow soils, gravelly and stony surfaces, as well as severely eroded granite landscapes. Considering these findings, the analysis underscores the
importance of exploring agroecological alternatives to mitigate these challenges, conserve land  resources, and ultimately enhance groundnut yield in the region