Introduction: Accurate sex identification from skeletal remains is critical in forensic   anthropology and dentistry. This study explored sexual dimorphism in mandibular morphological   parameters, focusing on the positions of the mental foramen and genial tubercles.
Materials and Methods: Conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology, JMF ACPM Dental  College, this study analyzed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records of 52 patients  (26 males, 26 females) collected during 2020-2024. Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed   consent was obtained. Measurements included the vertical position and angle of the mental
foramen, and the position of the genial tubercles. Reliability was ensured through repeated   measurements by two independent observers. Results: Significant differences were observed between males and females. Males had a   greater distance from the lower margin to the center of the mental foramen (mean 7.84 ± 1.84 mm vs. 6.51 ± 1.21 mm, p = 0.003) and a larger angle of the mental foramen (mean 55.00° ± 12.50° vs.   46.00° ± 8.90°, p = 0.004). The position of the genial tubercles was more inferior in males, with a significant difference in the distance from the upper margin (mean 12.34 ± 3.45 mm vs. 10.81 ±  1.45 mm, p = 0.042).
Discussion: The results demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism in mandibular   parameters. Males exhibited larger and more robust mandibular features, likely influenced by  hormonal and muscular differences.  Conclusion: This study confirms that mandibular morphological characteristics exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, aiding forensic gender determination within the Indian   population. Future studies should expand the sa mple size and include diverse populations for broader applicability