Social reform and social justice are important in the context of a fair and inclusive sustainable  development in a caste and class divided economy. Economic development can be described  in terms of output and employment. Structural change almost always corresponds to a change  in the sectoral shares. The process affects output and employment. The processes of changes  are crucial for generating sufficient wealth to improve human well-being. The changes could  also generate inequality. Government policies are essential to counteract upward pressure on  inequality and spread the benefits of development wider, from dynamic, modern activities to  other sectors of the economy. To echo Lewis, this means ‘trickle-along’ rather than trickle-down  will be the fundamental perspective to justify the development with justice. Government of Bihar  has introduced vigor in promoting social reforms and social justice in the economy.  The growth process in Bihar is due to stepped-up development expenditure which was almost  doubled. This growth is to garner resources for public investment either for service delivery  or for economic transformation. The nature of structural transformation can be visualized by  the movement of workers from lower-productivity to higher-productivity activities which has  long been regarded as an essential feature of rapid and sustainable growth. It will shift towards  integrated and inclusive governance and the emergence of functional, societal accountable public  institutions at all levels. Mission-oriented science and innovation do not end at proposing the  implementation of transformative action, but must be actively engaged in the tracking, analysing,  understanding and course-correcting of changes set in motion, so that the dynamics of change  can be nudged in overall desirable directions. The present study aims at analyzing the complex  issues around implementing the policies of inclusive sustainable development with social justice  and social reforms.