Social reform and social justice are important in the context of a fair and inclusive sustainable
development in a caste and class divided economy. Economic development can be described
in terms of output and employment. Structural change almost always corresponds to a change
in the sectoral shares. The process affects output and employment. The processes of changes
are crucial for generating sufficient wealth to improve human well-being. The changes could
also generate inequality. Government policies are essential to counteract upward pressure on
inequality and spread the benefits of development wider, from dynamic, modern activities to
other sectors of the economy. To echo Lewis, this means ‘trickle-along’ rather than trickle-down
will be the fundamental perspective to justify the development with justice. Government of Bihar
has introduced vigor in promoting social reforms and social justice in the economy.
The growth process in Bihar is due to stepped-up development expenditure which was almost
doubled. This growth is to garner resources for public investment either for service delivery
or for economic transformation. The nature of structural transformation can be visualized by
the movement of workers from lower-productivity to higher-productivity activities which has
long been regarded as an essential feature of rapid and sustainable growth. It will shift towards
integrated and inclusive governance and the emergence of functional, societal accountable public
institutions at all levels. Mission-oriented science and innovation do not end at proposing the
implementation of transformative action, but must be actively engaged in the tracking, analysing,
understanding and course-correcting of changes set in motion, so that the dynamics of change
can be nudged in overall desirable directions. The present study aims at analyzing the complex
issues around implementing the policies of inclusive sustainable development with social justice
and social reforms.