Introduction: Pancytopenia is a combination of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It can be primary or secondary. Bonemarrow study plays an important role in pancytopenia to identify the cause. Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the cause of pancytopenia, to know the frequency of various diseases in causing pancytopenia and the importance of bonemarrow study in such cases. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in and around Kurnool for a period of 4years in various health care centres. Patients presented with various complaints.Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed from posterior superior iliac crest of the patients. Aspiration smears were stained with leishmann stain for microscopy. Touch imprints of bone marrow biopsy were made and examined before the tissue was put in the 10% neutral buffered formalin fixative. Results: A total of 50 cases were studied during a period of four years. Age of patients range from 8months to 70years. 23 cases were female and 27 were male. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia seen in 23 cases (46%) followed by nutritional anemia seen in 7 cases (14%), 5 cases (10%) were Aplastic anemia, 4 cases (8 %)were acute myeloid leukemia, 3 cases (6%) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 cases(6%) were lymphoma, 3 cases (6 %) were multiple myeloma, 1case (2%) was chediak higashi syndrome and 1 case (2%) was malaria. Conclusion: Bone marrow study helps in the diagnosis of cause of pancytopenia and also helps in planning for further investigations and management.

Keywords: Bone marrow study; chediak higashi syndrome; megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia.