The green revolution in India has basically been the resultant of seed-fertilizer-water application with massive participation of famers, scientists and executor at different level to usher a quantum jump of food grain production, from 55 MT(1955) to 120 MT(1970). But the dividend of green revolution has been outnumbered by fall out in ecological balances due to injudicious use of agrochemicals associated with farm mechanization led soil erosion and compaction. The skewed focus on selected high yielding gene in rice and wheat has been responsible for loss of crop biodiversity. In our operating agroecosystem, the provider of food-fuel-fodder, water is contaminated, soil is eroded, organic carbon is depleted and biodiversity is marginalized. So, we need to have Conservation Agriculture through minimizing soil disturbances, retention of crop residues and sustainable intensification in classical crop rotation. All these being done with a goal to protect and preserve our precious natural resources, stabilizing and augmenting food production and livelihood for millions, and, of course making our agro-ecosystem more resilient to generate dedicated ecological services to mankind and other life forms to save our civilization. The text of conservation agriculture is more contextual when the brunt of climate change is becoming more deleterious and complex. The issues of farmers’ participation stand so critical simply because without their participation, no conservation agriculture is possible.

Keywords: Conservation agriculture; Climate change; Ecological services, Ecological resilience, Retention of crop residue.